Benefits of Working as a Computer Science Expert

Advantages of Working as a Computer Science Expert Why Computer Science Career is So Popular Today? In the event that you need to arrive at a better than average degree of living, you can investigate a vocation in PC designing. You can begin moving to your objective since school by contemplating Computer Sciences and Informational Technologies subjects. They are turning into the most significant trains today. It is better for you to get a Bachelor or even a Master’s qualification. Be that as it may, above all else you should concentrate on building up your PC abilities. You will be increasingly refreshing as an expert in the event that you will know more than one programming language and have different abilities in this field. In addition, being a PC master, you will have the option to work remotely, from home or some other advantageous spot. Outsourcing is extremely well known among family individuals and recent college grads who would prefer not to be attached to one spot. Likewise, this sort of work opens a great deal of chances for those, who work a long way from huge urban communities, the same number of enormous PC corporations’ workplaces are situated there. Additionally, new profession openings show up every day with the improvement of the IT field. Individuals who have IT instruction and abilities will consistently have the option to get an OK line of work. You can begin a vocation in the accompanying classifications: Organization Structure Improvement Funds Social insurance Nursing. The executives Showcasing Programming Composing You can see that the information on Business Administration can likewise help you in acquiring a decent vocation in software engineering. All you need is to introduce the genuine data from the correct viewpoint. Composing specialists can help you in making the correct application letter that will get the consideration of your possible boss. Software engineering requires the usage of numerous sciences and fields beginning with administrating and business and consummation with advances and science. The principle prerequisite is to be acceptable at what you do and give another perfect to modern turn of events. You can concentrate on finding answers for issues like: Planning and building up the product. Finding the answers for specialized instruments from the specialized and innovative perspective. Putting away the information, the executives of the information, systems administration, and control of correspondences. New methodologies and methods of utilizing PCs and electronic gadgets. Thinking about this, you can browse 5 fundamental vocation choices in software engineering: Profession choice 1. Planning and usage applications for PC and convenient gadgets. Profession choice 2. Looking for new ways to deal with PC and convenient gadgets utilization. Profession choice 3. Finding viable answers for PC issues. Vocation alternative 4. Finding successful answers for some other industry. Profession choice 5. Arranging and sorting out the innovation framework in any industry. Top Career Choices in Computer Science Beneath you will discover the most forward-looking profession thoughts: Statistical surveying Analyst Present day showcasing incorporates numerous perspectives like advancement, deals, and dissemination. These components are associated and require better than average administration to be powerful. To run gainful limited time crusades and increment deals, organizations require authorities in promoting research investigation. For the most part, these specialists work with groups so as to direct a profound examination and create successful marketable strategies. To turn into an expert in this field, you have to realize how to dissect the information, audit the accessible data and study patterns and techniques of contenders. Your fundamental assignment here is to give a speedy organization development. You additionally must have the option to gather the input from your clients, accomplices, and providers, and so on to acquire more sentiments on organization action. Your software engineering certificate will be significant in this information centered field, particularly on the off chance that you will have a Master’s qualification. Yearly compensation: $33,500 †$114,000 Tasks Research Analyst This profession is entirely like the past one. It additionally requires working with information and dealing with the data. The reason here is to locate the best answer for the current issues also. This activity requires information and abilities in the accompanying subjects: bookkeeping; account; political theory; producing coordinations. In any case, in his position, you will require the help of different masters. You need to realize what programming utilized for measurements and what demonstrating bundles to apply. Focus on examining insights in school to be fruitful in this industry later on. Furthermore, put forth a valiant effort to get the Master’s qualification. Yearly pay: $42,000 $130,000 Frameworks Software Developer Working with framework programming doesn't generally mean being a framework executive. This likewise incorporates creating applications and programming. What's more, specialists can get a new line of work in a PC or versatile industry. In the event that you have great building and programming aptitudes, you can get a new line of work as an originator, for example, in a major company. This will be a brilliant beginning for an IT profession. You should create programs and applications that will be utilized in PC and portable businesses. What's more, it alludes not exclusively to cell phones yet even to the auto interfaces. You ought to likewise think about the security part of your items. Not surprisingly, the master’s recognition will be useful in finding a new line of work. Yearly pay: $63,000 $151,000 Web/App Developer We as a whole are portable and web clients as we routinely download and utilize different applications. That is the reason the designers of web and portable applications are in such appeal now. Various applications are grown every year, and they generally have target clients and a valuable reason. For designers there are some essential obligations: making sites for internet business; controlling organization tasks; overseeing of the non-benefit gatherings; directing online networking action; cooperating with clients and colleagues. To turn into a web designer, you ought to be a specialist in PCs and building. You additionally ought to have the option to work unreservedly with programming dialects like HTML, JavaScript, XML, and Cascading Style Sheets. Likewise, you ought to have the option to check the site after it is finished to ensure everything runs appropriately and the interface is easy to use. Yearly compensation: $33,000 $110,000 Geoscientist Aside from software engineering, let’s investigate another significant field, as geosciences. This science is planned for finding our planet, so you should be acceptable at Geography or Geophysics that will fill in as a little something extra to your PC aptitudes. Assignments for such specialists are to demonstrate and develop genuine models, and they need utilization of complex PC frameworks. The fundamental reason here is to examine our planet and what openings it can bring to us. Geoscientist additionally ought to have information examination and advanced mapping abilities also. They need to direct looks into of the issues associated with the Earth. Geography is required as much as PC information here. You can begin looking for an occupation in government or oil and gas industry. Your exploring and application abilities will be valuable for specialists. Yearly pay: $49,000 $187,000 As should be obvious, getting a generously compensated line of work requires something other than a fundamental information on PC sciences. You must know about some different ventures and have the option to direct associated activities. However, on the off chance that you need to be free monetarily and have a fair degree of living, you ought to think about creating aptitudes and acquiring the information required for working in these businesses. To spare some an ideal opportunity for getting additional experience, you can arrange an exploration paper from composing specialists. In any case, remember that you have to pick just deferential administrations, as you depend them a piece of your notoriety for being great.

Managerial Leadership Essay

Administrative Leadership is building up course and influenciing others to neglected heading, however I feel there is a lot more to this difinition. The explanation being is on the grounds that authority has numerous varieties and diferent zones of accentuation. A typical meaning of administrative initiative is that Leaders are people who, by their activities, encourage the development of a gathering of individuals toward a typical or shared objective. Pioneers need and anticipate from supporters competency in their aptitudes and time length for accompishing undertakings. Furthermore regard for the individual of the pioneer. The Leader has a desire that when worth is offered to the subordinate, preparing and learning work their capacities to finish an undertaking. There are numerous styles of administrative pioneers, not all administrators are the equivalent, and a few kinds are: * Vsisonary Leader verbalizes where a gathering is going, yet not how it will arrive. They will in genera l set there individuals allowed to improve, test, they let them face challenges. * Coaching Leader centers around creating people, telling them the best way to improve their presentation, and serving to connnect their objectives to the objectives of the association, the vibe that training works best with representatives who show initative and need increasingly proficient turn of events. Be that as it may, it can blowback if it’s; some may feel its like â€Å"micromanaging†. * Affiliative underlines the significance of cooperation, and makes concordance in a gathering by interfacing individuals to one another. This style can be significant when attempting to elevate group concordance and increment resolve, improve correspondence or fix broken trust in an association. * Democratic draws on people’s information and aptitudes and makes a gathering responsibility to the subsequent objectives. It might work best when the heading the association, should take is muddled, and the pioneer needs to tap the aggregate knowledge of the gathering. This style can appalling in the midst of emergency, when earnest occasions request brisk choices. * Pacesetting this pioneer sets exclusive requirements for execution. This director is over the top about improving and quicker, they ask the equivalent from every other person. Along these lines ought not be utilized alone, in light of the fact that it can undermine confidence and cause individuals to feel as though they are fizzling. * Commanding is the exemplary model of â€Å"military† style initiative †presumably the frequently utilized, however the least regularly powerful. The explanation being it’s seldom includes prasie and habitually utilizes analysis; it undermines spirit and employment fulfillment. This style is just emotional in an emergency, when a urgant turnaround is required. Administrative Leadership is a critical to an organization, workers and the eventual fate of an association. There are numerous kinds of pioneers, and each type is can assume a significant job. I feel that with incredible initiative and organiztions can go far, on the off chance that you have extraordinary pioneers you’ll have cheerful and roused workers.

Factors to Consider For International Marketing

Factors to Consider For International Marketing © Shutterstock.com | My Life GraphicIn this article, we cover the topic of international marketing and explore 1) an introduction to international marketing, 2) factors to consider for international marketing and 3) a conclusion.INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETINGJet travel opened up the world to many people, and the expansion of the World Wide Web took that one step further. Borders seem to be more symbolic now than they are barriers to trade like they were years ago. As this whole new frontier opened up, businesses realized there was a brand new opportunity out there for them to generate even more income. All this has led to the birth and growth of international marketing.What Is International Marketing?In simple terms, international marketing means making decisions for your marketing mix based on potential markets outside of your company’s home market. Some would call it the coordination of marketing strategies by a company that are necessary to sell goods or services in a foreign marketplace.Why Do Businesses Need International Marketing?A very good reason why companies need to consider international marketing is to get a piece of the over 10 trillion dollars of goods and services that are traded across borders each year. For the company that markets itself properly on an international level, this can lead to a huge boost in revenue.Not only do businesses have a great opportunity to grow their revenue if they market themselves internationally, but they will also run into a lot of obstacles that are not typically encountered in domestic marketing.[cp_modal id=cp_id_75506] [/cp_modal]FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETINGInternational marketing is very different from domestic marketing. There are a whole host of issues when marketing internationally that a business does not normally have to deal with when marketing in their own country. The following are some key things to consider when making any international marketing decision.Cultural FactorsA. LanguageLanguage, more specifically translation, needs to be paid very close attention to when doing international marketing. There have been some embarrassing mistakes in international advertising that most likely did not help companies sell their product. A great example is when Coca-Cola was first translated into Chinese it meant “bite the wax tadpole or female horse stuffed with wax depending on which Chinese dialect it was translated into. No one at General Motors realized the translation for the name of their car, the “Nova”, meant “it won’t go” in South America. Gerber used the sa me packaging with the cute little baby on it they had used in America for packaging its baby food in Africa; they did not realize that with the high illiteracy rate in Africa that it was common for food packaging to display a picture of the contents inside.These types of language problems are funny to an outsider but can spell financial disaster for your international business if you are not careful.B. TasteEntering international markets can be very difficult for some companies because of some countries’ eating habits. McDonald’s had to totally make over its image when it came to marketing itself in a country like India that sees beef consumption as being ‘off limits’; they ended up being successful there by introducing vegetarian and regional choices to the menu selection. Many international fast food chains such as Kentucky Fried Chicken, Wendy’s and McDonalds had to start offering menu selections with rice dishes in order to break into the Asian market.C. Regional Value sMany times a country to which you would like to sell a product has extreme regional differences that must be accounted for when marketing. A perfect example of this is Canada; they have large French speaking populations around Montreal and Quebec that are culturally much different than the English speaking communities found throughout the rest of the country.D. Consumer HabitsCulture and personality combine to shape consumer behavior in every particular region of the world or country. When you want to market a product to a foreign country you need to first determine whether it is an individualistic society (free-thinking culture) or a collective society (the peer group has the most influence on buying decisions). You also have to consider other societal and psychological factors that influence buying decisions in the country you are targeting to sell your goods or services to.E. Age/DemographicsAge and other demographics play a key role in international marketing just as they do in domestic marketing; companies have to pay very close attention to them. Your company is probably not going to want to market laptops to senior citizens in a third world country where there is very little internet and where a large percentage of the citizens over 60 are computer illiterate. This illustrates the importance of understanding age and other demographics on a potential country that you might sell your goods or services to since they are both reliable and used in making marketing decisions.Economic FactorsA. Per Capita IncomeOf course a country’s wealth is a huge factor when determining potential target market countries and how to market your product to those countries. For instance, Eritreans have a per capita income of less than $800 a year; it is probably not going to be a good market to sell your $1000 side-by-side washers and dryers.Then again you don’t always need an overwhelming number of people in a certain income bracket in a foreign market if your product is considered high end. Say your company sells luxury automobiles that are in the $60,000 â€" $80,000 range, maybe less than 1% of the people in a country such as Estonia can afford a car in that price range, but if that group numbers 10,000 people and you think you can get 5000 to buy your product, that country is still relevant as far as potential sales go.B. Relevant Class StructureWhen you are marketing your product or service internationally you must also take into consideration class structure because it varies widely from country to country. Most countries have an upper, middle and lower class, but the numbers of people in these classes can be significantly different from country to country. An example of this are countries like the USA that have a very large proportion of their citizens located in what is termed ‘middle class’, as opposed to the Philippines where there is a very small middle class because the country consists mainly of a small percentage of upper-class indi viduals and many poor people.C. Supply and DemandOf course supply and demand will play a major role in trying to market your products anywhere in the world. These days a company has to take a deeper look at potential markets than ever before because just about anything will sell if you market it the right way and in the right place. Imagine how surprised the makers of Bali’s Civet Cat Coffee (Kopi Luwak â€" made from the animal’s poop) were when they took their product internationally and it soon grew so popular it became the world’s most expensive cup of coffee.D. Financial Transactions and BankingConsidering how you will get paid for the products and services you market and sell internationally is important too. In the more prosperous countries it is taken for granted that you can buy goods internationally and pay for them with such things as credit cards, debit cards, online payment processors and cash transfer businesses, but that is clearly not the case everywhere in the world. These types of financial realities will greatly impact your marketing strategy.Political and Legal FactorsA. LawsThere are laws in some countries that will greatly affect your ability to do business in them or prohibit it altogether. One such example is Thailand which has specific laws stating no foreign person or company can own  more than 49% of a business in Thailand, so you must be willing to take on a Thai partner in order to do business there. You must be aware of laws like this if part of your product marketing strategy includes manufacturing or distributing your wares in a foreign target market country.B. Licensing and PermitsThere is a chance that the only way you can do business in a foreign country is to give out an expensive permit or license of another business in that country to manufacture and sell your product for you. Governments do these things as a way of making sure a larger percentage of income from sales stays in the home country. An example of this is P epsi’s license to Heineken to bottle and sell Pepsi products in the Netherlands.C. TaxesTaxes are another way that governments can cash in on foreign businesses operating and selling products in their country, so their citizens’ spending does not allow much money to leave the country. Taxes can and do impact your ability to make a profit selling goods and services in a foreign country and will shape your international marketing strategy because of that. High tax rates on goods sold, like those in the USA, can make it hard for a business to stay on the right side of that fine line between profit and loss.D. FeesWhen you market your products for sale in a foreign country, you may be subject to pay certain fees for the right to do that. These fees can be a one-time deal or recurring, and they can also be quite high in some circumstances if they involve what might be considered luxury items.E. TariffsTariffs have long been used to balance trade between countries and to protect natio nal companies from losing business to foreign competitors. This can be a big factor when it comes to international trade and marketing your company’s products or services for sale. An example of this is China’s 105.4% tariff on chicken that is shipped from the USA; it is easy to see how a high tariff like this can push a country’s citizens toward buying domestically raised chicken.F. Currency risksThere are always risks when doing business in the currency of a foreign country that you are marketing your product or services to. If you have your money tied up in a foreign currency and economic events fall just right, your company could stand to lose millions. From September 24, 2012 â€" October 2, 2012 Iran’s Rial dropped almost 60% from 24,600 for one US$ to 39,000 for one US$; these types of currency events can and do happen.G. Other Political Risks and Restrictions:Investment restrictions: Many countries have strict requirements on who can own businesses and do other busine ss-related investments in their country. Your marketing department needs to be aware of these things. For instance in Malaysia, if you are an agricultural business and you want to buy land to produce fruits and vegetables to sell there, any land purchase over $163,000 is subject to approval by the government and may come with other restrictions too.Operational restrictions: Just how much operational control you will have over your overseas business remains to be seen, and that is a concern for some. Because of some of the restrictions that have been discussed and other requirements for doing business in a foreign country, chances are your business will need an international management team. This will affect the operational control of your business and has to be factored into any marketing decisions that your company makes.Discriminatory restrictions: Discriminatory practices in a foreign country may inhibit or prohibit marketing your goods and services to that country too. In many M iddle Eastern countries women are not allowed to wear makeup, so if your business is cosmetic sales, then that would be a big marketing factor. There are other types of discrimination that impact marketing decisions too, such as price discrimination. If a country makes the goods in their own country cheaper to buy than similar imported goods (such as through tariffs and quotas), chances are you may have a hard time selling your goods in that country.Quotas: Quotas work a lot like tariffs when it comes to restricting foreign business profits in another country. Quotas are also designed to encourage domestic business within a country or state. An example of this is Indonesia, which only allows 60,000 tons of red onions to be imported into the country every 6 months. This quota ensures Indonesian farmers they will have a place to sell their onions and encourages them to continue growing them. Your business and your international marketing team must be aware of any quotas a particular c ountry may have in place when you are deciding where to market your goods and services internationally.H. StabilityThese days the stability of a country has to be considered very strongly before you market your product in a foreign country.Wars: Wars can have a very large impact on your business in a foreign country. There were many businesses and business customer bases that became extinct almost overnight when war broke out in Libya.Political Unrest: Political instability in a foreign country can affect your ability to market a product or service to a foreign country too. If you were to invest in marketing products or services in a country such as Egypt now, you would run the risk of losing your customer base if a war breaks out because of the current political instability in the country.IntangiblesA. EnvironmentalEnvironmental factors will play a role in international marketing and they can have both a positive and negative effect on your international marketing strategy. If you manufacture a product that does not hold up well when constantly subjected to periods of high heat, you might want to consider that carefully before marketing your heat sensitive product internationally to such places as Saudi Arabia.You must also be aware of places that are regularly affected by such natural disasters as typhoons and earthquakes. When these types of events happen, they can wipe out your entire customer base in a country or halt their purchasing power for extended periods of time, drastically impacting your business.B. Regional PartnershipsSometimes companies know it will be difficult to break into a foreign market without the help of other companies that know the nuances of marketing a product to the people there well. This is why so many companies choose to partner with other companies that are based out of the country whose market they are trying to get into. An example of this is when McDonalds went into the Indian market, they did it with partners that knew the local business practices and customs; these companies were Hardcastle Restaurants Private Ltd which had a strong influence in western India, and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Ltd which were popular in the northern India.C. Product AdaptationWhile a “one size fits all” marketing strategy may work in a fairly homogenous country like the US, this same type of strategy would most likely be a huge failure in countries like those in the Middle East that are separated by cultural, historical and religious divides. Any prudent international marketing strategy needs to take things like this into account.CONCLUSIONAs technology gets more and more advanced and the world continues to become smaller and smaller because of it; those companies that market their product or service effectively internationally will take advantage of the huge growth potential that international markets now offer them. As you have seen from this article, in order to market your product or service internation ally, there are many factors that your business and marketing team must consider before deciding which country or region you want to sell your goods or services to.For further reading this ebook is recommended.

The Great Deed That Marco Polo Is Inevitable - 1083 Words

When there is talk pertaining to travel and exploration in the middle ages, the mention of the name Marco Polo is inevitable. In addition to that, the names of the Mongols, Kublai Khan, and the Silk Road also seem to come with the package. So what is the relation between them exactly? To the people with an inadequate knowledge of the middle ages these names are but single entities that have no connection whatsoever. But in reality, to truly grasp the great deed that Marco Polo has accomplished, one must attain an advanced level of expertise of the situations and meanings of those words during the Medieval Era. The Mongols were a band of nomadic tribes who occupied the country which is known as Mongolia in present time. During the thirteenth century these tribes united under the leadership of Genghis Khan (1162-1227). His army quickly swept south into China and west into Russia and the Near East, demolishing anyone who stood in their path.The Mongols were undeniably the largest land empire in the history of the world. At its peak, the empire ranged from Eastern Europe to China and into the Near East. That was an extraordinary accomplishment, given their arcane derivation isolated in the heart of Asia, on a distant plateau. The mongols were widely known for their god-like skill on horseback, impeccable discipline, capability to coordinate massive military units, and finally, their beast-like ferocity. Such qualities gave them an enormous military advantage over potentialShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hal l393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPerformance Appraisal Around the World 558 An Ethical Choice Recruiting the Unemployed 561 Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Giving Performance Feedback? 563 Myth or Science? â€Å"Work Is Making Us Fat† 564 Point/Counterpoint Social Media Is a Great Source of New Hires 567 Questions for Review 568 Experiential Exercise Evaluating Performance and Providing Feedback 568 Ethical Dilemma Credit Checking 568 Case Incident 1 The End of the Performance Appraisal? 569 Case Incident 2 Job Candidates Without

Persuasive Speech Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 894 Words

General purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: To persuade the audience that marijuana should be legalized in all states. INTRODUCTION Attention Step: Imagine being a person who is in agonizing pain day after day and there was not one medicine that was helping you. Feeling helpless everyday of your life but knowing that there was one treatment that you haven t tried and has been proven to be effective but it is illegal in the state you reside in. Relevance to Audience: What if every person in the United States had access to a medicine that could take away the chronic pain with minimal side effects? Marijuana is that drug,and it should be categorized as an alternative form of treatment. Credibility material: If I had a†¦show more content†¦. II. Satisfaction Step: Medical marijuana has been proven to be more successful than some more traditional treatments ..[Wallace] A. We need to petition to pass legislature that legalizes marijuana for patients that need it. B. If treatment is available, patients will not have to purchase marijuana illegally. C. To say that legalizing marijuana will open the door for everyone to use â€Å"pot† and overdose is simply untrue. 1.â€Å" Over twenty thousand people died from overdosing on prescription pain killers in 2015. There has never been reported cases of marijuana overdoses. [ ASAM American Society of Addiction Medicine ] Transition There is a huge need for alternative ways to provide comfort for patients that have adverse Bateman 3 reactions with traditional medicines, and it s not like they are unavailable, they are illegal. III. Visualization Step: The objective of legalizing marijuana is to help people live their lives as pain free as possible without having to suffer with the side effects from traditional medicine. A. If medical marijuana is passed in every state, it will be subject to any medicine and will be prescribed by a doctor and regulated by the government. B. It will be more cost effective than traditional pain medicines. C. As with any drug (legal or not) it should be used responsibly. Do not drive or operate any heavy machinery. Doing soShow MoreRelatedEssay on Legalizing Marijuana-Persuasive Outline941 Words   |  4 PagesBilly Bob Joe Good Example Persuasive Speech Outline Purpose: To persuade my audience to: support the legalization of marijuana, because of it being able to provide many medical as well as economic benefits for the United States if legalized. Thesis Statement: Marijuana has been regarded as a harmful plant that can endanger lives and is thought to be nothing more than an extra problem to be dealt with in today’s society. However, based on its economic value and medical benefits, theRead MorePersuasive Essay - Persuasive Outline1380 Words   |  6 PagesLuis Mendoza Professor Shears June 24, 2016 Persuasive Outline I. Attention Grabber: In the last twenty years, the reputation of marijuana has evolved and possibly in the best way. People’s opinions have shifted from seeing the hemp plant as a drug with no use other than a temporary high, to a plant that could possibly be the definition of versatile. II. Motivation for listening: Did you know that currently 25 states and D.C have legalized marijuana for medicinal use? Yes a 50%. I believe thatRead MoreOfficials With The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration3138 Words   |  13 PagesAdministration say that the number of indoor marijuana plants in California has quadrupled in the last three years. Many of these plants have occurred in middle-class and upper-class suburbs. Buyers have bought homes here because the financing of these homes are cheap. They have been remodeled to build farms which are built indoors. These indoor pot operation uses sophisticated irrigation, ventilation and lighting. This structure can contain 1,800 plants. This marijuana boom has brought in more than $100

How far can trade unions benefit managers as well as workers Free Essays

Introduction A trade union refers to an organization with members consisting of workers and union leadership who are united for the promotion and protection of their common interests. Workers come together in a union so as to pursue such goals as the protection of the integrity of their trade, clamour for higher pay and employment, and better working conditions (Reynolds, 2008). A trade union could refer to: a general union representing workers in a given industry; a craft union representing skilled workers in a specialized field; or a company or house union representing the interests of a single company often without connection with other unions (E. We will write a custom essay sample on How far can trade unions benefit managers as well as workers? or any similar topic only for you Order Now C, 2010). A thriving and well-run business is a fundamental motive for any company, benefitting both the employer (in this regard, the manager) and the employees. It is often argued that the unionization of workers is disadvantageous to employers while enhancing benefits for employees. Tensions and misunderstandings in adversarial relationships often hinder productivity and lead to lost sales, lower output, and mounting costs. If unchecked, they can lead to the detriment of business and eventual loss of employment for the workers as well (Hall-Jones, 2010). This paper explores the advantages and disadvantages that trade unions bear to employers and their employees seeking to show that there is significant benefit in unionization. Benefits to employees are first outlined below and thereafter contrasted with employer benefit and/or disadvantage so as to establish the extent of benefit to both parties. Advantages to employees The primary mandate of unions is to enhance the benefits and recognition of employees in the workplace, protecting them from exploitation. It gives them a platform and a collective voice with which to negotiate with employers on myriad issues including wages, rules of work, complaint procedures, hiring rules, promotion and firing, work-related benefits, as well as safety and other policies governing the workplace. Trade unions also guarantee workers protection from work-related challenges such as lack of promotion, demotion, termination, among others, enhancing their capacity to contest such measures (Phil, 2007). Additionally, unions often organize training and development inclusive of access to government funds and support through union learning reps (Fulton, 2013). This enables workers to realize higher than average wages and gains from work, as well as safeguards to their overall health and safety in the workplace. Advantages to employers  ·This section gauges the benefit of trade unions to employers juxtaposed with employee benefits and/or disadvantage. Employer/manager benefits include: Simpler negotiations With union representatives speaking on behalf of the entire workforce, dealing with unions simplifies negotiation processes eliminating the need to negotiate with multiple employees. This enhances the speed and efficiency of the negotiations. Trade unions can also help in the negotiation of productivity deals enabling increased output and consequently enables the business to afford higher wages mutually benefitting both the employer and the employed (Eironline, 2007). The demonstration of good employment practices can be a significant source of competitive advantage influencing the attitudes of stakeholders and the wider community, and consequently the company’s brand and reputation (Hall-Jones, 2010). However, it is often the case that contests over worker wages/earnings and the employer’s perspective of mounting labour costs are difficult to resolve with each party focused on their particular view. Legally, union members in disagreement with employers are allowed to strike without suffering disciplinary action. This factor often complicates negotiations (E.C., 2010). Strikes and industrial actions cost the company or business money directly from lost production, as well as creating other problems such as withering employee morale and willingness to work and bad publicity. These attendant problems could affect output and/or sales with possible customer boycotts, as well as hindered business relations with vendors or commercial customers in their anticipation of a drop in productivity and inability to deliver on commitments (Hall-Jones, 2010). In this regard, trade unions in their quest for enhanced welfare often engender complications in relations surrounding the entire business, even to the extent of hindering business. However, it is noteworthy that unions are endowed with a wealth of experience regarding employment law which can help in early identification and resolution of problems. Their involvement in such scenarios often stops cases from proceeding to expensive and time-consuming processes such as the employment tribunals (Eironline, 2007).  · Employee satisfaction Unions give employees a voice with which to speak to the employer and bargaining power afforded by the strength and capacity in their numbers. Through this, unions enhance the satisfaction of employees enabling them to increase their average wages as well as benefit packages. This satisfaction which obtains from needs that are met enhances job satisfaction and consequently employee willingness to work harder leading to higher productivity and quality of output (Fulton, 2013). However, the satisfaction of employees deriving from better pay and work conditions often comes at a cost to the employer with consequent upsurges in labour costs being the main disadvantage of unionization of employees. Deductions of dues paid to unions from workers’ pay in addition to increasing costs, also increases the workload of the accounting department (Hall-Jones, 2010).  · Reduction in turnover A workforce comprising of union members is often characterized by reduced turnover with less frequency of employees leaving their jobs. Dues paid for union membership and position in the organization are considered to contribute to this trend often acting as hindrances to employee exit (Eironline, 2007). For the employer (manager) or organization, lower levels of turnover saves the business money in the long term with less expenditure spent in frequent training and induction of new employees (Hall-Jones, 2010). It is however noteworthy that with regard to employers’ actions such as termination, demotion or lack of promotion, and alleged harassment or discrimination, individual employees often lack financial resources and will to pursue complicated contests. With the support of unions, workers are often encouraged and represented in their appeal of such actions or in the filing of suits challenging them (Reynolds, 2008; Fulton, 2013). The effect of this is two-pronged, benefitting and protecting affected employees while adversely affecting employers, complicating business.  · Ease in change processes To stay at the forefront and to enhance competitiveness in the industry, businesses often have to undergo change. Achieving this with multiple employees, each with varied perceptions and opinions is often a significant challenge (Eironline, 2007). However, since employees are more likely to be receptive to unions, partnering with trade unions may improve the chances of success in the change process as well as its effectiveness. Trade unions can be a significant partner in reinforcing the credibility of the messages from the employer as well as reassuring employees and mitigating their anxieties (Eironline, 2007; E.C., 2010). Unionization and its influence can have adverse effects on the control of human resource challenging the instilling of discipline and checking of poor performance. The promotion and termination of workers based on objective parameters such as merit, productivity, among others is hindered with the influence of unions with most of the unions basing their negotiations on workplace rules on seniority rather than merit. The reaction of union and their rules, in this regard, limit the options available to employers and managers (Hall-Jones, 2010). Conclusion On the one hand, union membership enhances the capacity of employees to challenge employer actions, challenges the control of the human resource component in business, and often engenders increases in costs, workload and adverse economic effects attendant to labour unrest. On the other hand, however, trade unions bear significant benefits to both employers and employees. To employers, trade unions enable simpler and effective negotiation processes, early identification and resolution of labour-related problems, reduction in turnover, and as well enhance employee satisfaction. It is also a resourceful partner in the change process. To employees, trade unions provide essential protection from exploitation, a voice in the enhancement of their work life, as well as facilitating training and personal development. From the foregoing argument, it is gathered that trade unions, in spite of its disadvantages, is far more beneficial and could enhance employer-employee relations as well as the outcome of business References Eironline, 2007. TUC promotes business benefits of unions to employers. European Industrial Relations Observatory on-line. Viewed on 9/12/2013 from: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/eiro/index.htm European Commission, 2010. Industrial Relations in Europe. Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs Inclusion. EC. Fulton, L., 2013. Worker representation in Europe. Labour Research Department and ETUI. Brussels: ETUI Hall-Jones, P., 2010. Unionism and Economic Performance. Internet article statistics. Viewed on 8/12/2013 from: http://www.newunionism.net/library/ Phil. D., 2007. State of the Unions: How Labour Can Strengthen the Middle Class, Improve Our Economy, and Regain Political Influence. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-148844-0 Reynolds, O., 2008. â€Å"Labour Unions.† In: David R. Henderson (Ed.). Concise Encyclopaedia of Economics (2nd Ed.). Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. ISBN 978-0865976658. Menezes-filho, Naercio and John van Reenen (2003), â€Å"Unions and Innovation: A Survey of the Theory and Empirical Evidence†, CEPR Discussion Paper 3792. Metcalf, David. (2003), â€Å"Unions and Productivity, Financial Performance and Investment: International Evidence†, in John Addison and Claus Schnabel, eds. International Handbook of Trade Unions, Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar, How to cite How far can trade unions benefit managers as well as workers?, Essay examples

Windows 8 System Essay Sample free essay sample

I. Introduction:? Windows 8 is a Microsoft operating system that is designed for place users every bit good as for concern intent. Its development started even before its predecessor’s release Windows 7 in 2009. Windows 8 is a system that is peculiarly orientated to touchscreen hardware. There are some of import alterations and additives that make it look and otherwise than the users are used to. For illustration. the Start bill of fare is wholly substituted by a Start screen that can be taken off from the desktop easy by touch screen pen and besides by merely a normal mouse or keyboard cardinal combination. It contains all the of import applications besides the 1s that are active at the minute. All the icons in the old version of the operating system are changed into tiles that can be juggled with. It can remain invariably on the screen or can be hidden. And now the most of import that users expect to hear – when will it be available for the populace and for what monet ary value? The official release day of the month is the 26th of October. We will write a custom essay sample on Windows 8 System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2012. It was preceded by three pre-release editions while still being developed and tested for the period of the 13th of September 2011 until 31st of May 2012. There will be four editions issued on the market – two general editions merely for conventional usage. one Pro release of Windows most fervent fans and Enterprise edition which is for concern intents. ? Windows 8 is the current release of the Windows operating system. produced by Microsoft for usage on personal computing machines. including place and concern desktops. laptops. tablets. and place theatre PCs. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its predecessor. Windows 7. in 2009. Its being was foremost announced at CES 2011. and followed by the release of three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating system was released to fabricating on August 1. 2012. and was released for general handiness on October 26. 2012 II. Statement of the Study ? Since Windows 8 will run on any Personal computer that can run Windows 7. you don’t have to spring for a whole new machine to do the move. As I mentioned. users of Windows 7. Vista. and even XP can upgrade for merely $ 39. 99 until January 31. 2013. The Windows 8 installer cheques your system. peripherals. and package for compatibility when you start an ascent. so you don’t truly have to worry about put ining it on a machine that can’t manage it. III. Significance of the Study ? For most people. Windows 8 will add benefits like a whole new category of simple. clean. informational apps. It besides means much faster startup times. better multi-monitor support. and improved file transportation and undertaking director duologues. The startup velocity betterment entirely will do the ascent worthwhile for me. And the upgrade pricing is far less burdensome than old Windows ascents: any Windows user all the manner back to XP can upgrade for merely $ 39. 99. and buyers of recent Windows 7 Personal computers will merely pay $ 14. 99 for the ascent. ?In add-on. Windows 8 takes advantage of new or emerging engineerings like USB 3. 0. 4Kn Advanced Format. near field communications. cloud calculating. and the low-power ARM architecture. It includes new security characteristics such as malware filtrating. constitutional antivirus capablenesss. a new installing procedure optimized for digital distribution. and support for secure boot ( a UEFI characteristic which allows r uning systems to be digitally signed to forestall malware from changing the boot procedure ) . Synchronism of certain apps and scenes between multiple devices is supported. ? World Wide Web. pcmag. com/article2/0. 2817. 2410600. 00. asp?www. pcmag. com/article2/0. 2817. 2410595. 00. asp? Ibid.IV. Scope and Delimitation? Windows 8 introduces important alterations to the operating system’s platform. chiefly focused towards bettering its user experience on nomadic devices such as tablets to equal other nomadic runing systems like Android and Apple’s Io. Windows 8 introduces a new touch-friendly shell and user interface based on Microsoft’s â€Å"Metro† design linguistic communication. having a new Start screen with a grid of dynamically updating tiles that represent applications. The Start screen replaces the â€Å"Start menu† of earlier Windows versions. There is a new app platform with an accent on touchscreen input. and the new Windows Store to obtain and/or purchase applications to run on the operating system. In add-on. Windows 8 takes advantage of new or emerging engineerings like USB 3. 0. 4Kn Advanced Format. near field communications. cloud calculating. and the low-power ARM architecture. It includes new security characteristics such as malware filtrating. constitutional antivirus capablenesss. a new installing procedure optimized for digital distribution. and support for secure boot ( a UEFI characteristic which allows runing systems to be digitally signed to forestall malware from changing the boot procedure ) . Synchronism of certain apps and scenes between multiple devices is supported. V. Definition of Footings* Microsoft- is an American multinational package corporation headquartered in Redmond. Washington that develops. industries. licences. and supports a broad scope of merchandises and services related to calculating. The company was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4. 1975. * Operating System ( OS ) is a aggregation of package that manages computing machine hardware resources and provides common services for computing machine plans. The operating system is a critical constituent of the system package in a computing machine system. Application plans normally require an operating system to map. * Start menu-is a user interface component used in Microsoft Windows runing systems since Windows 95 and in some X window directors. It provides a cardinal launching point for application and undertakings. Depending on the operating system or window director. the bill of fare might hold different names. such as Kickoff Application Launcher in KDE. Start scre en in Windows 8 or LX Panel in LXDE. Chapter 2Why Windows 8 is Microsoft’s Biggest Risk EverOne of the most of import industry events will take topographic point on October 26. the launch day of the month for Microsoft’s Windows 8 operating system. It will climax a three twelvemonth planning. development and trial rhythm for what CEO Steve Ballmer calls their hazardous merchandise stake. So why would Ballmer state this. particularly when many in the industry qualify this as merely a â€Å"bridge† release for IT clients until Microsoft can let go of Windows 9? Let me sketch why. No Less than 50 % of Operating Net incomes Microsoft has done a good occupation of turning their gross outside of the Personal computer infinite. Take a expression at XBOX. Kinect. Enterprise Server and Tools. and Windows Windows Azure. They represent complete concerns that Microsoft didn’t even take part in a decennary antecedently. and for their financial 2012. 75 % of gross was outside the Windows Division. Net incomes are a different affair. though. For financial 2012. 53 % of Microsoft’s runing income came from the Windows Division. Yes. there was a important write-down in 2012. but the operating net income per cent is still immense. as financial Q3 net income was 46 % . This still understates the true net incomes derived from Windows. What’s non included inside of the Windows Numberss are the Office Numberss. because those are portion of the Business Division which is improbably profitable. excessively. If Microsoft didn’t have the Windows OS. I extremely doubt as many concerns would be purch asing Office. So in world. I estimate that Microsoft derives about 75 % of their net incomes from being successful in Windows. Get downing to see the hazardous stake and why for so long Microsoft has been so conservative with Windows? Deprioritizing the DesktopSince Windows was invented over 20 old ages ago. the â€Å"desktop† has been the UI metaphor. Prior to that. it was a bid line for DOS. With Windows 8. Microsoft is deprioritizing the desktop and traveling the Metro. Metro is the tile-based interface that has no â€Å"chrome† . or borders and leaves tonss and tonss of white infinite. The tiles are â€Å"live† intending they contain real-time information like stock monetary values. last electronic mail received. conditions. societal media updates. and sport tonss. All of this information is on one screen. immediately available to the user without the demand to snap or swipe anything. Metro is designed for non-keyboard and mouse interfaces ; that is. touch. address and air gestures for phones. tablets. Xboxes and future big surface show devices. Users can entree the desktop by snaping on the Desktop tile. So far. users can non boot straight into Desktop. but there’s nil technically maintaining Microsoft from enabling this. The other hazard of deprioritizing the desktop is giving Apple yet another shooting and increasing market portion. Apple is still really committed to progressing the desktop use theoretical accounts. and those purchasers non comfy with Metro will see Apple now more than of all time. Net-net. Microsoft is deprioritizing the user UI metaphor that has been entrenched for over 20 old ages and one that arch-rival Apple still supports.

Sir Edward Coke essays

Sir Edward Coke essays Sir Edward Coke, one of the most famous jurist and politicians in English history, was born on February 1, 1552 in Mileham, Norfolk, England. He was educated at Norwich Grammar School and Trinity College in Cambridge, and entered the, Inner Temple or colleges in the university of law in 1572. It did not take long before he established himself as one of the most notorious lawyers in the English Monarch. Some of his most famous cases include the Cromwell libel case, implicating sedition to Edward Denny for words expressed about Henry, Lord Cromwell, and Shelly. It became a influential decision in the history of English land law. Under the sponsorship of William Cecil and Lord Burghly, Sir Edward Coke entered into the public service sector and quickly rose, becoming a member of the Parliament for Aldeburgh in 1589 and solicitor general and recorder of London in 1592. Just one year later, after showing great skill in carrying out Queen Elizabeths policy of curbing the Commons passion for discussing ecclesiastical matters, Sir Edward Coke was elected speaker of the House of Commons. Up until this point in Cokes life, he had encountered little competition for posts that he desired. In 1593, Cokes path crossed that of Francis Bacon. Bacon and Coke were in direct competition for the attorney generals position. Bacon, supported by the Earl of Essex, was the favorite to win the position. Sir Edward Coke was not one though to down without a fight. He campaigned on his own behalf and soon gained enough support to win the appointment in 1594. To ice the cake, Coke even prevented Bacon from becoming solicitor general. This was not the twos last encounter. A few years later, instead of fighting over a political position, they were fighting over a woman. The lucky lady was Elizabeth Hatton. Guess who won? Yep, you guess it, Sir Edward Coke. Now lets get back to Coke&ap...

Do not miss these cities while exploring Europe

Do not miss these cities while exploring Europe The lesser-known European cities which are worth tourist attention Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Florence, Berlin†¦All these famous cities have become the visiting cards of Europe. However, there are many other European cities which deserve our attention as well. They have a lot of interesting things to offer. These underrated cities are full of hidden cultural and historic treasures. So, it is high time to explore them.   The charming, cobblestone city of Maastricht This Dutch city will definitely impress you with its French and Belgian twists in the architecture, Roman and Spanish ruins, and sophisticated drink and food. It is considered to be one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands. Maastricht is a lively and energetic place with beautiful historic streets and a distinct international spirit. The biggest attractions of Maastricht are the underground tours to the casemates. It would be very interesting to walk through the tunnels and listen to the stories about the life underground. You can also enjoy the stunning Limburg landscapes during a boat ride over the river Meuse. Don`t forget to visit the annual European Fine Art Fair and enjoy the artworks of contemporary and modern artists. The ancient, Arabic-inspired city of Cadiz The Andalusian city of Cadiz is almost entirely surrounded by water. It has no shortage of breathtaking views and tourist attractions. White houses, open plazas, cobblestone streets, wonderful beaches and seafood, and charming old center – all these things will definitely impress every visitor of Cadiz. This city is well known for its fabulous seafood and fish. At El Faro restaurant you can enjoy some delicious local dishes. Don`t forget to take an excursion to Castillo San Sebastian, which is a magnificent historic fortress, linked to the sea by a tidal causeway. Hamburg – a Germany`s Gateway to the World Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany, the biggest port, and the centre of international trade. It is one of Germany`s wealthiest cities. There are a lot of attractions in Hamburg which are really worth your attention. There is always something to marvel at the Fish Market, HafenCity, and Port of Hamburg. You can visit the century-old Speicherstadt, which is the world-largest contiguous warehouse complex. Elbphilarmonie in HafenCity is a new cultural and urban landmark of Hamburg. It is one of the ten best concert halls in the world, where you can enjoy the classical music culture, music of the 21st century and sophisticated light music. The Portugal city of Porto will become your love at first sight Its higgledy-piggledy medieval centre, charismatic locals, divine food and wine, beautiful monuments and bridges, tiles, shopping streets, hipster bars, flowering balconies, baroque churches, and colorful cliffs will definitely leave you breathless. This city looks like it has emerged from the pages of a storybook. The River Douro on the Gaia side and the historic centre of Porto belong to the World Heritage. Don`t miss to visit Casa do Infante, by Riberia, enjoy the great beaches and cafà © terraces at the mouth of the river Douro, explore Porto by night, try a francesinha, which is one of Porto`s specialties, and stroll through the Parque da Cidade, down the seafront. Perugia – the picturesque Umbrian city with rich history Perugia is a substantial town city with good transport links and a number of historical attractions. It is a medieval, hilltop city that rises above the lush vineyard and hills. It is a major center of medieval art and a major producer of chocolates. It is a home of the Eurochocolate Festival and Umbria Jazz Festival. The Saint Peter`s Basilica is one of the most significant and symbolic landmarks of the city. Fontana Maggiore is the main symbol of Perugia. It is a perfect holiday destination with the beauty of the architecture and active leisure active ideas. The charming city of Aarhus has plenty to offer Aarhus is the second-largest city in Denmark, which is full of opportunities for tourists. It is surrounded by beautiful nature. Here you will find wonderful areas for running, walking, and biking. It has several attractions that are renowned internationally. Den Gamle By, ARoS Aarhus Art Museum, Musikhuset Aarhus, Moesgaard Museum, and Tropical Houses at the Botanical Garden are the absolute best attractions in Aarhus. You should definitely visit this city if you are interested in art and architecture.

Welfare Benefits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Welfare Benefits - Research Paper Example Although it was meant to help members of the American society deal with the crisis, which was affecting them at the time, many of its opponents believed that what it proposed was socialism; something that they believed was not in line with the American way of life. During this period, the greater part of women and people from minority groups in American society were excluded from getting any remuneration from the unemployment insurance and pensions for the elderly. In recent times, however, there have been reforms to the program and each state has its own welfare system according to the needs of its people. Since its inception, the provisions of welfare have been changing often due to the worries brought about by the situations of the economy as well as the changing roles of gender and the integration of minority groups into the American mainstream. During the 1950s, there were debates that focused more on how adequate coverage could be provided, moving away from the focus on which g roups of occupation could be included, as had been done before. Since then all the changes in Social Security have been attempts to bring about a balance between the provision of adequate protection as well as the promotion of equality while providing this security (Beland, 2008). When the original Social Security Act is compared to those of European countries during the same period, one will find that it does not include the range of programs that had been developed in these countries. This is because when this Act was formulated, it was done with the anticipation that any additional programs of social insurance and income support would be put in place later. Examples of such expected extensions are the providing of benefits for spouses and children, which was passed in 1939 and the passing of programs of assistance and insurance for the disabled people in the 1950s. The development of programs in other areas took more of a problem-solving and incremental approach. Hence, the Medic are and Medicaid programs were endorsed in 1965 as a response to specific medical care needs of the elderly in society and the professed insufficiency of medical care under public support (Social Security Bulletin, 2006). The introduction of the Food Stamp program in 1964 and its later extensive growth came as a response to the evidence that there was persistent hunger and malnutrition in some groups within the population despite the fact that the society was generally affluent. The Supplemental Security Income program was introduced in 1974 as a national minimum income guarantee for those people who were aged, blind, and disabled in society and this was to counteract the differences in the advantage levels and eligibility values appropriate to these people under the assistance programs. The Food Stamp program is available to individuals and families who are eligible for payments under the Supplemental Security Income Program and to those deprived persons and families who are not su itable for the latter program. Another characteristic of the development of social welfare policy in the United States is the considerable degree of decentralization that is displayed and a mechanism for this is the federal system of government, which divides responsibility among the federal, state, and local governments. Some of these programs are funded and administered by the federal government alone; others involve only the state, with or without the involvement of local governments; and finally, others involve all three levels of government. This federal structure serves three main purposes in this welfare policy and these are the dispersal of

Application of Theory to Student Learning Essay

Application of Theory to Student Learning - Essay Example Students with disabilities get easy and quick knowledge through practical experience of all the situations. In constructivist theory, students are facilitated with practical skill and easy knowledge with the help of which, they are able to learn and act accordingly. Students are not made to memorize all the concepts and details but to go through them practically. Behaviorist theory of teaching students with learning disabilities concerns with direct teaching skills (Lerner, 2003). The students with disabilities are facilitated with direct teaching in which, the tasks that are to be performed are divided into chunks and then students are asked to perform all the tasks line wise (Duhaney and Duhaney, 2000). The reason of dividing the tasks into smaller chunks is to facilitate the students to learn easily and actively. Divided tasks appear easy and accommodating (Duhaney and Duhaney, 2000). The students are informed in understandable and comprehensible words and information about all the tasks after which, they are asked to perform it themselves. The students are not only taught but they are also asked to do practice that accommodates with obtainment of knowledge and information related to a task (Lerner, 2003). Both behaviorist and constructivist theories are supportive and facilitating for the students with disabilities because of their concern to the difficulties that students face while learning and because of the teaching methodologies of the teachers. Due to these theories’ application, the students with disabilities are able to learn with ease and expertise due to which, they appear better than students who are taught with not much supportive skills of teaching. Traditional and non-traditional learning environments for students with disabilities differ from each other to a great extent. In traditional learning environments, students were not facilitated with technological developments which

Classification of Wastewater

Classification of Wastewater Wastewaters are numerous in kind and defy easy definition. It is difficult to evolve a universal classification for waste. However, roughly there are three basic classification methods, which are combined to form a waste classification system (Hagerty., 1973). They are physical classification, chemical classification and thermal classification. The last one is directly related to thermal processing requirements and focuses on the information needed to select, design, and operate a thermal processing system. 5.1 Physical Classification This classification identifies the physical state of waste. It is needed for the selection and design of waste handling systems and the choice of processing equipment. Based on physical characteristics, typical waste materials are classified as gaseous, liquid, slurry, sludge, solid and containerized waste. In the present context, solid and liquid wastes will be discussed in this section. Solid waste is wastes those which arise from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are usually discarded as useless or unwanted. The term as used in this context is all inclusive, and it encompasses the heterogeneous mass of throw aways from the urban community as well as the more homogeneous accumulations of agricultural, industrial and mineral wastes (Tchobanoglous, 1977). In discussing solid waste, generally and traditionally certain categories of wastes are well recognized as they are very common. For example, solid wastes include domestic, commercial, industrial, (due to construction and demolition) agricultural, institutional and miscellaneous. Many times domestic and commercial wastes cannot be differentiated and are considered together as urban wastes. Included in this category are the garbage materials which result from food preparation both in the homes and restaurants, and also the rubbish which is produced in residences and commercial establishments. Gen erally, the garbage consists of rapidly decomposable materials while the rubbish is either slowly decomposable or non-degradable. A second major category of waste is industrial, the refuse produced by industrial processes. Generally the character of the refuse produced in any manufacturing or processing operation will depend very much on the type, amount, or the character of wastes produced by the industry. Obviously, the wastes produced by steel manufacturers will differ considerably from those produced in the chemical industry. Usually the wastes produced by any food processing operation, the paper and plastics industries are almost similar to the paper and plastic packaging materials found in domestic rubbish. On the other hand, the metal processing industry will obviously generate metallic wastes, but in addition will also produce large quantities of slags, processing chemicals, and other residues, many of which are used in air pollution control and water pollution control activ ities. The wastes produced by chemical industries or other more specialized industries will in general depend upon the specific nature of the end product of the manufacturing process (Waste Classification Guidelines Part 1: Classifying Waste , 2009). 5.2 Chemical Classification It is the key to selection of proper process design parameters, selection of materials of construction, choice of concentration equipment, design of incinerator hardware, the possibility of bye-product recovery, and the requirement of fuel gas and discharge water treatment systems. Based on this classification, the waste materials are broadly classified as clean waste and hazardous waste. 5.2.1 Clean Waste This group covers hydrocarbons which contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The oxidation products are considered clean and can be discharged into the environment. 5.2.2 Hazardous Waste The problem with hazardous wastes is that there is still no internationally accepted definition of a hazardous waste. However, technical criteria such as toxicity, flammability, corrosivity, ignitability and reactivity have been proposed and used to some extent to identify and designate the waste as hazardous. Though the hazardous wastes account for only a small proportion of all wastes generated by the industries, their impact can be disastrous as they not only affect the physical environment but also the biotic components. The United States alone generates about 60 million tons of hazardous waste every year, and the European Economic Community about half of that quantity. Roughly 10 to 20 per cent of the total waste produced can be considered as potentially hazardous. In general, there are industries like metallurgical, iron and steel, fertilizers, thermal power production, etc. generating large quantities of solid and liquid wastes containing low concentration that is at the trace level of hazardous constituents. On the other hand, there is another group of industries such as chlor alkali, pesticides, dyestuffs, electroplating, photographic chemicals, fine chemicals, etc. which generate comparatively small quantity of wastes, but they are highly toxic and hazardous. Approximately one million tons of solid waste is generated annually by the 131 industrial units surveyed. Nearly 22% of wastes from these industries are hazardous. It has been estimated that about 94% of these wastes are generated by process oriented (generating during the processing of raw materials to get the finished products) industries and 6% of it is pollution control oriented (generated from the treatment of gaseous and liquid effluents) industries. Maximum amount of hazardous waste is generates by chlor-alkali, dyes and pigment, organic chemicals, pesticide and plating industrial sectors. The inorganic chemical sector on the other hand, generated low volume-high toxic wastes. The syntheti c drug manufacturing units in drugs and pharma sector generate maximum quantity of hazardous wastes. Thus, hazardous waste may be further classified into waste generating gaseous contaminants, waste containing alkali and alkaline earth metals and waste containing heavy metals. 5.3 Thermal Classification This is used in the determination of energy requirements for processing and in the selection of system configuration. Based on the thermal properties, typical waste materials are classified as follows, where combustible wastes are a group that includes wastes which will sustain oxidation reaction without additional energy requirements, noncombustible wastes are groups that represent low-Btu value wastes, which will not sustain oxidation reaction without additional energy supply. These wastes may be further classified into following two categories which are the noncombustible wastes with no low the volatiles (the organics in the wastes contain no low volatiles which, when heated, will evaporate) and the noncombustible waste with low volatiles (the organics in the waste are heat sensitive and readily vaporized when heated). These two categories provide important information for the designing of evaporation and steam stripping systems. They are also important factors in the selection of pre-concentration equipment of wastes. For the successful application of thermal processing systems accurate and reliable information about the composition and characteristics of any waste to be processed is essential. Such data are necessary to understand the process and for the selection of process equipment. Classification of a wastewater by toxicity or hazard is important for safety and also to comply with legislation (Mumford, 1973). In practice, it is better to use the characterization ‘hazardous’ and ‘non-hazardous’ having regard to both toxicity and the environmental implications of the waste on disposal. Therefore the Control of Pollution Act distinguishes waste as poisonous, noxious or polluting and whose presence on land is likely to give rise to an environmental hazard. It also encompasses highly flammable or explosive materials which may have little toxicological significance (Agency, n.d.). Classification may be further expanded taking into consideration individual chemicals. Chemical analysis will usually give the proportion of each chemical present, except that of organics which may be characterized by one or more physical properties as listed in Table 2. Table 2: Physical properties of liquid wastes. Alternatively the description may be limited to synthetic organic materials, natural organic materials, and inorganic materials and this characteristic corresponds to classification by origin. Finally, wastewater is usually wastes because it consists of unusable and often unpleasant mixture of chemicals. Bibliography Agency, T.E.P. About Hazardous Non-Hazardous Waste by The Environmental Protection Agency, [Online], Available: http://www.lonestar.edu/16715.htm [19 February 2014]. Hagerty., D.J.P.J.L.a.H.J.E. (1973) Solid Waste Management, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Mumford, C.J. (1973) Industrial Pollution Control, Bussiness Books. Tchobanoglous, G.T.H.a.E.R. (1977) Solid Wastes: Engineering Principles and Management issues, New York: McGraw Hill.

Between Two Lamentations Essay

The â€Å"Lamentation of Christ† is one of the most popular subjects in the realm of Christian Art. It became extremely popular from the 11th century to the early 18th century, encompassing vast art periods from the Byzantine art period under the Medieval era of art, to the Baroque period of the Renaissance. Numerous works have been created, centering on this one scene that is of great import, not only to the Christian community but to the art world itself. One of the most popular scenes in Christian history, the Lamentations showcases Jesus Christ, brought down after just having died on the cross. His mother Mary is shown often with Jesus in her arms weeping and mourning the death of her son. Surrounding them are several other mourners, comprising of Christ’s friends and family. As it is also a popular episode in the life of Christ, it is also included in many depictions of the Life of Christ, a form of Christian art that serves as a narrative or an early form of sequential art that tells the story of Jesus Christ from his conception to his resurrection and ascension into Heaven. This led to many different artists coming up with different versions of the scene. The numerous renditions of the same scene, scattered from the 11th century to the 8th century, is a good way o gauge the development of art at a fixed period of time. One of the first few examples is a fresco in the Church of St. Panteleimon, a small Byzantine church in Macedonia. The painting was made by an anonymous artist, known only as â€Å"Meister von Nerezi† or â€Å"Master of Nerezi†. The piece, Lamentation over the Dead Christ in the Church of St. Pantaleimon, was done in 1164 which was the Middle Byzantine period. During the time, Christian art revolved around a strict set of rules which restricted many artistic ideas, and as the setting was that of the period of changes to the Byzantine style, the art for the Master of Nerezi’s Lamentation piece was something relatable to â€Å"Maniera Byzantina† (Lasareff 279). Lamentation over the Dead Christ in the Church of St. Pantaleimon (1164) Obvious within his work is the ability to evoke feelings of empathy and even sympathy from its beholders, perfectly capturing the essence of mourning and overall sadness of the scene. This despite the image’s adherence to the strict formal rules of Byzantine art. It also features a more definitive sense of emotion as opposed to other works of the era which tended to keep a more solemn depiction of things. Also of note is the Master of Nerezi’s composition of the piece, having Mary hold Jesus tightly, arms wrapped around the dead body, while a disciple bends over to hold his dead master’s hand to his face. The resulting placement of subjects evokes a spatial setting that proves schematic and well thought-out. Giotto’s â€Å"Lamentation† on the other hand, is a fresco showcased at the Arena Chapel in Padua, and is one of the most popular Lamentation pieces created. It too depicts the mourning of Jesus Christ, portraying him laid on the ground right after dying from his crucifixion, surrounded by friends and family, with Mary at his side, mourning and expressing great sadness in their faces. Giotto di Bondone, or simply Giotto, as he is more widely known, was a famous artist in the late Middle ages who specialized in painting and architecture. His works attributed to his being considered one of the first artists whose works led to the eventual birth of the Italian Renaissance, the period which signaled the end of the Medieval ages and gave rise to Early Modern Europe. The â€Å"Lamentation† is one of the best examples of his work, which was famous for the fuller, more three-dimensional style of painting that would only become more prominent in the Renaissance period, which wasn’t to become popular until around century after Giotto. (Webmuseum 2010) â€Å"The Lamentation† (1305 – 1306) Dating back to around 1305 – 1306, Giotto’s work on the†Lamentation† featured Christ being held by Mary, Jesus Christ’s mother, at the head, and possibly Mary Magdalene at the feet as the woman is shown with red hair and Mary Magdalene is known to have washed Jesus’ feet. In terms of the painting’s composition, Giotto focused on the sad scene of mourning in the lower left area, having Jesus and Mary framed by the six other people who are seemingly spaced appropriately to bing the viewer’s attention to the Mother and Son. Surrounding them are disciples of the fallen savior, as well as hallowed saints – all of them in mourning, effectively conveying the overall mood of sadness about the image. Immediately behind the gathered crowd is a scraggly rock mound – its sharp, downward line leading to the images focal point of Jesus and Mary. Above them are angels, flying around with sad,mourning, grieving faces, their figures notably foreshortened to denote a deeper, more three-dimensional feel to the piece. Looking back at the fresco done by the Master of Nerezi, the Italo-Byzantine style of art is still most obviously definitive in his work: basically two-dimensional whilst combining elements of the Byzantine art style with those of the natural world, the Lamentation over the Dead Christ in the Church of St. Pantaleimon features a flat-looking image which is iconic in its nature. Done during the Comnene Dynasty of rule which lasted from 1025-1204, the Master of Nerezi’s Lamentation was timely as due to the Comnenans being staunch supporters of the arts, the general art direction went towards the depiction of emotions, with themes such as the Lamentation and the Virgin and Child being among the most popular of the day. Whereas Giotto’s work was done as a part of a series depicting the Life of Christ, which was part of the Arena Chapel whose interiors were decked with frescoes by Giotti. It was finished in 1306, during that time when the Byzantine style of art was still somewhat prevalent among artists. Considering the relative gap between the creation of the two Lamentation pieces, it isn’t surprising to find that there is a huge difference between the two art styles used – where one used a more traditional Byzantine style of flatness while the other utilized a more realistic and natural mode which was at the time, a style of the artist’s own – but considering that at the time of Giotti’s work, the style used by the Master of Nerezi was still what was of standard, then it denotes a significant leap forward in the art medium. Both pieces being of the same topic which is the Death of Jesus Christ, the overall theme of sadness and mourning over a death is reflected effectively by means of expressing emotion on the faces of the characters as depicted by their frowns and sad eyes and faces. Their postures are also indicative of the plight they are going through in the image. Also common is the disciple leaning in to meet his master’s hand,hence the posture of bending over, creating a line that leads to the point within the image wherein Mary keeps her face close to the dead Christ. In the case of the Lamentation over the Dead Christ in the Church of St. Pantaleimon, despite being tied to the art style of the Byzantine times then which often featured religious pieces in symmetrical compositions, the image remains asymmetrical as is common in Lamentation pieces. Perhaps the major difference in terms of the subject matter for both images is that there are more characters in Giotto’s piece. Aside from Jesus’ friends family, and disciples who mourn by his side, in Giotto’s version, angels decked in bright colors are flying around above them, sobbing and weeping as well. In general, both paintings clearly get the message across to the beholders, and almost always evokes feelings of sadness and understanding from its onlookers as well. In summary, the analysis of the two paintings which are different renditions of two different artists on the same theme, gives a peek of what the development of art styles was at the time. From the Lamentation over the Dead Christ in the Church of St. Pantaleimon by the Master of Nerezi in 1164’s Byzantine style of art, to the groundbreaking realism and classicism as well as the incorporation of three-dimensional elements in Giotto’s â€Å"Lamentation,† it shows that art, like many other aspects of human culture and society, also develops at a rate that coincides with the development of humanity as a whole. Works Cited â€Å"History of Painting† History World 22 May 2010. http://www. historyworld. net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories. asp Lasareff, Victor. â€Å"Early Italo-Byzantine Painting in Sicily. † The Burlington Magazine for Connoiseurs Vol. 63 No. 369 (1933) â€Å"Giotto di Bondone† Webmuseum 22 May 2010 http://www. ibiblio. org/wm/paint/auth/giotto/ â€Å"Arena Chapel† Britannica Encyclop? dia Online 22 May 2010 http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/33443/Arena-Chapel

Program Planning and Evaluation Paper - 840 Words

Assignment: Program Planning and Evaluation Paper Janice Minnis HSM/270: Programming Planning and Grant Proposal Writing in Human Services August 21, 2011 Terri Galindo Axia College of University of Phoenix I have chosen to work with Program Scenario Three, PEACE Domestic Violence Agency. Yuen/Terao (2003) states, â€Å"Program planning is an organized process through which a set of coordinated activities or interventions is developed to address and facilitate change in some or all of the identified problems.† â€Å"Program Evaluation is the application of different social research designs in assessing the needs and results of programs.† In short, Program Planning and Program Evaluation is the process of assessing needs, organizing an†¦show more content†¦The plan has added another targeted population and other agencies that will be used for particular services. 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Strangers Somewhat Like Me - 755 Words

As I look around me, first to the right, then the left, up and down, I see creatures that look as I do yet they are very different. We have many similarities. Perhaps we are related? These creatures called Homo sapiens are most certainly different than my kind, Australopithecus afarensis. I can see we move the same way, both of us walk upright and on two legs, apparently. I see that we both have eyes not to the side of our head but in the front. I also see parents caring for their children who are more than a few years old. While I see all of these similarities I see few major differences between us. A few differences that I can easily spot are that their head is much larger than my own but their jaw is smaller, their bodies are also different than mine, and they communicate using a type of language. One of the first observations I made when I saw the Homo sapiens was they have an incredibly large head. 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